Intentional and Unintentional Plagiarism

Intentional Plagiarism 

 Is knowingly presenting someone else's ideas, research, or words as your own. These are all examples of cheating, and these types of plagiarism carry very serious repercussion:

• Copying/downloading/buying:

An entire paper or part of a paper that was written by someone else, and turning it in with your name on it is plagiarism.

• Intentionally not giving proper credit for a source:     

 Intentionally incorporating someone else's concepts or words into your own paper without giving that person credit with an appropriate citation is plagiarism.

• Self-plagiarism:               

Re-using a paper or research for more than one class or assignment when original work is expected is also inappropriate. 

Unintentional plagiarism 

Is not giving proper credit for someone else's ideas, research, or words, even if it was not intentional to present them as your own. Even if it was not intentional, it is still plagiarism and not acceptable.

• Accidentally failing to cite your sources correctly:                                                   

Some students may plagiarize accidentally by failing to cite their sources correctly. If you are not sure how to correctly cite your sources, use the examples in this guide, or ask for help.

• ​Not citing paraphrased information:      

 Some students believe that it is necessary to cite a source only if they use a direct quote. Not true! Putting someone else's idea into your own words does not turn it into your own work. You must give the original author credit even when you paraphrase. Paraphrasing well shows that you understand the meaning of the original passage.

• Incorrectly paraphrasing:    

Your paraphrase must be sufficiently distinct from the original passage. Paraphrasing is not simply changing a word or two or rearranging the author's sentences (you might as well use the original passage in quotation marks). An effective paraphrase will convey the author's facts or conclusions accurately but in your own unique style. Learn more about paraphrasing from the Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University. 

 Text/words or Ideas/data

•  According to Bahadur Roka the commonest form of plagiarism is of text known as “copy-cut pasteor “word-to-word” writing wherein complete sentences, paragraph, tables or even pictures are reproduced without acknowledgement.

•   Copying of ideas is a common form of plagiarism.  
  

Acknowledging sources

If you borrow from or refer to the work of another person, you must show that you have done this by providing the correct acknowledgement. There are two ways to do this:

            *Summary and citation

            *Quotation and citation

Summary and citation

According to Smith (2004) claims that the modern state wields power in new ways. Claims that the modern state wields power in new ways. Smith (2009)

Quotation and citation

According to Smith: ‘The point is not that the state is in retreat but that it is developing new forms of power . ’ (Smith, 2009: 103).

Self Plagiarism

In academic publications, self-plagiarism happens when an author reuses portions of their own published and copyrighted work in later publications, but without attributing the previous publication.
However, in education it happens when a student reuses their own previously written work or data in a new assignment and does not reference it appropriately. This can easily happen when you recycle part of a research proposal in the actual dissertation or thesis itself or parts of your Masters dissertation in your PhD thesis.

•      This happens when the author has added research on a previously published article.

•      Presents it as a new without acknowledging the first article.

•      Make multiple articles from a single article